This week meets at the Faculty of Economics and Management of the University of Aix-Marseille I, French health economists for the annual days where each contribution is presented by the author, is the subject of a critical discussion by a discussant. On this occasion, our work on the evolution of orphan drug prescriptions in oncology, in France on the scale of hospitals, in collaboration with the central pharmacies of the Bordeaux University Hospital and the Bergonié Institute will be presented. I will discuss the inflationary role of the orphan status granted to new anticancer drugs in the growth of reimbursed anticancer drug expenses.